This section of the museum tells the story of the extraordinary artistic experiences of the Duchy of Urbino during the Renaissance age, when the city  was first universally recognized as being one of its premier capitals.

During the second half of the XV century, Federico da Montefeltro (1422 -1482), Duke of Urbino, created a cultural center in his court. Musicians, doctors, philosophers, writers, mathematicians, and artists, such as Piero della Francesca (1420- about 1492) came from all over Europe. The extreme foresight and eclectic spirit of the Prince was the cultural-artistic base of Urbino. Here they nurtured different types of expression, but were most interested in studies of prospective and in the construction of an ideal space. Giovanni Santi (before 1439-1494) and Timoteo Viti were protagonists of the local scene. Each gave life to flourishing workshops and contributed in a decisive way to the training of young Raffaello Sanzio (1483-1520). The altarpieces are of great formal and expressive quality. They are attributable to the Coda, who were active in Rimini between the end of the 1500's and the beginning of the next century, both originating from the Cathedral.